Aquaculture and Sustainable Food Security in Uganda: Pathways Toward Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

Abstract

Aquaculture has become the fastest-growing food production sector globally and plays a critical role in addressing food insecurity as capture fisheries approach their biological limits. This study assesses the contribution of aquaculture to sustainable food security in Uganda within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining time-series analysis of fisheries production data (1990–2024), geographic information system (GIS)-based suitability assessment, key informant interviews, and econometric modelling. Results indicate that Uganda’s aquaculture production has expanded from less than 1,000 tonnes in 1990 to over 138,000 tonnes in 2023, yet a national fish deficit of approximately 300,000 tonnes persists. Econometric results show that investment, feed availability, and hatchery capacity are the primary drivers of aquaculture growth (R² = 0.96). Projection scenarios suggest that aquaculture production could reach up to 1.04 million tonnes by 2035 under an accelerated investment pathway. The study concludes that strategic investments in feed production, hatchery systems, and spatially planned aquaculture development can significantly enhance food security, employment, and economic growth in Uganda while contributing to SDGs 1, 2, 8, and 14.